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Intel White Paper Simplifies Simultaneous Multi-Mode RRH Hardware Design

Summary

Engineered for next-generation wireless deployment, this guide details complex solutions for Multi-mode Remote Radio Heads (RRHs). It addresses the technical challenges of supporting simultaneous operation across diverse standards (e.g., MC-GSM, WCDMA, LTE) using programmable FPGA platforms. The whitepaper explores simplified digital IF processing architectures, highlighting crucial design trade-offs between modular and duplicated DUC approaches. Ideal for telecom engineers and infrastructure OEMs building universal, future-proof base stations that require cost-effective, standardized upgrades.

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White Paper

Simplifying Simultaneous Multimode RRH Design

RRH technology with support for simultaneous operation of multiple air-interface protocols is an emerging end-product requirement. The diverse modulation formats and sampling rates between standards such as MC-GSM, WCDMA, and LTE make designing common building blocks, including DUCs and DDCs, challenging. This white paper explores potential filter-chain architectures to simplify simultaneous multimode digital IF processing design, and highlights the productivity and resource utilization tradeoffs between a modular DUC approach and a duplicated DUC approach for a multimode MC-GSM/WCDMA/LTE design.

Introduction

An alo g F

Multimode basestations capable of supporting multiple standards such as MC-GSM, WCDMA, Wi MAX, and LTE offer numerous benefits for both operators and infrastructure OEMs.

The benefits to operators include:

Flexible use of available spectrum via inlay deployment of new networks such as LTE Reduction of capital expenses by reusing existing basestation equipment and making only software or board level upgrades for deploying new networks Reduction of operating expenses by reusing cell sites (saves on rental costs), reusing remote radio heads (RRHs)

(saves on installation costs), and reusing backhaul Di git al IF

Ability to future-proof networks and reduction of long-term total cost of ownership

The benefits to infrastructure OEMs include:

Reduction of R&D expenses via universal basestation approach for multiple standards Simplification of product line management Ability to quickly adapt to evolving standards and bug fixes via programmable hardware Ability to differentiate from competition and charge a premium for future-proof equipment

While separate cost-optimized channel cards can be added to the basestation cabinet to deploy the modem functionality for various standards, upgrading tower-mounted RRHs with corresponding standard-specific cards is not a desirable solution for operators from an operating expense standpoint. Hence, a universal RRH capable of supporting multiple standards via only software upgrades is an emerging market requirement. The emergence of MC-GSM deployment using multicarrier-power amplifier (MC-PA) technology also enables the multimode RRH trend. Recent changes in spectrum regulations make it possible to use MC-PAs and digital intermediate frequency (IF) processing to deploy multiple GSM carriers, as shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1. MC-GSM Digital IF Processing With MC-PA Technology

Baseband DAC PA Baseband

Baseband DAC PA Baseband Baseband DAC PA

Baseband DAC PA Baseband

Single-carrier power amplifier Multi-carrier power amplifier

MC-PAs and digital IF architectures predominantly are used for developing multicarrier 3G basestations, including WCDMA and CDMA2000. With MC-GSM moving to a similar architecture, it is now possible to build multimode RRHs that support MC-GSM, WCDMA, and LTE. Going forward, RRHs may require various levels of multimode support for:

WP-01097-1.0 March 2009, ver. 1.0

Page Summary Contents For Intel White Paper Simplifies Simultaneous Multi-Mode RRH Hardware Design

Page 1 White Paper Simplifying Simultaneous Multimode RRH Design RRH technology with support for simultaneous operation of multiple air-interface protocols is an emerging end-product requirement. The diverse...
Page 2 Simplifying Simultaneous Multimode RRH Design Altera Corporation Factory or remote reconfiguration Simultaneous operation Run-time reconfiguration Run-time reconfigurable simultaneous operation While ...
Page 3 Altera Corporation Simplifying Simultaneous Multimode RRH Design In addition, this problem is exacerbated if a third air interface, not related in sampling frequency to either of the other standards (...
Page 4 Simplifying Simultaneous Multimode RRH Design Altera Corporation Figure 4. Decimation-by-Four Filter The concept of a farrow filter is that since the rate-change factor is irrational, a variable-phase...
Page 5 Altera Corporation Simplifying Simultaneous Multimode RRH Design The coefficients are determined by fitting a curve in each of the L sections: αn k[ r TAx 1ρρ2...ρM[ α2 α2 α2 α2 2–[ This structure may...
Page 6 Simplifying Simultaneous Multimode RRH Design Altera Corporation Farrow Filter System Design Considerations A farrow filter is highly beneficial for sampling-rate equalization in a multimode system. T...
Page 7 Altera Corporation Simplifying Simultaneous Multimode RRH Design Figure 9. Possible Frequency Plan and Different Air Interfaces Figure 10 shows the block diagram of a possible architecture for the con...
Page 8 Simplifying Simultaneous Multimode RRH Design Altera Corporation Figure 11. LTE 10-MHz Rate Characteristics Dual LTE Carriers at 5 MHz Figure 12 shows another configuration of the modular functional u...
Page 9 Altera Corporation Simplifying Simultaneous Multimode RRH Design 12-Carrier GSM For GSM, Figure 14 shows the input sampling rate is a non-integer factor of the clock frequency, thus enabling the sampl...
Page 10 Simplifying Simultaneous Multimode RRH Design Altera Corporation improves when the IF-sampling frequency is dropped to 122.88 Msps. The configurable data path does not have any merit for this particul...
Page 11 Altera Corporation Simplifying Simultaneous Multimode RRH Design Time-sharing factors should accommodate the highest sampling rate, 61.44 Msps in this case. A 12-carrier GSM DUC chain requires a sampl...
Page 12 Simplifying Simultaneous Multimode RRH Design Altera Corporation The outputs of these blocks are required to mix the individual streams with their appropriate carrier (i.e., NCO) and to sum the result...
Page 13 Altera Corporation Simplifying Simultaneous Multimode RRH Design Further Information Remote Radio Heads and the Evolution Towards 4G Networks: www.altera.com/literature/wp/wp-01096-rrh-4g.pdf Designin...

Manual Details

Brand Intel
Pages 13
File Size 1.14 MB
Published June 05, 2026
41 views

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Frequently Asked Questions

What wireless standards can a multimode RRH support?

It is capable of supporting MC-GSM, WCDMA, and LTE.

Can I update the RRH without physical replacements?

The system enables flexibility through software upgrades, allowing for reprogramming in the factory or remotely in the field.

Is simultaneous operation and reconfiguration possible?

Yes, the RRH supports both simultaneous multimode operation and run-time reconfiguration for varying traffic demands.

What hardware platform is suitable for implementing this design?

State-of-the-art FPGAs, such as Altera Stratix IV GX, offer high-performance platforms for multicarrier systems.